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   "source": [
    "# Python\n",
    "### สำหรับหลักการเชิงตัวเลข ###\n",
    "\n",
    "* Open-Source Object-Oriented interpret since 1980s\n",
    "* รองรับหลายระบบปฏิบัติการ Linux, Windows, OSX, FreeBSD, etc. \n",
    "* เขียนง่าย อ่านง่าย\n",
    "* มี package เสริมมากมาย สำหรับหลากหลายด้าน\n",
    "* Apps, games, graphics, data analysis, Big data, machine learning, etc. "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
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    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# Downloads\n",
    "\n",
    "* [Anaconda](https://www.continuum.io/downloads) python3 + numpy + matplotlib + jupyter + ...\n",
    "\n",
    "   * https://repo.continuum.io/archive/Anaconda3-4.2.0-MacOSX-x86_64.pkg\n",
    "   * https://repo.continuum.io/archive/Anaconda3-4.2.0-Windows-x86_64.exe\n",
    "   * https://repo.continuum.io/archive/Anaconda3-4.2.0-Linux-x86_64.sh\n",
    "\n",
    "* Linux\n",
    "   * installation\n",
    "    ```sh\n",
    "        bash Anaconda3-4.2.0-Linux-x86_64.sh\n",
    "    ``` \n",
    "   * start\n",
    "    ```sh\n",
    "        mkdir NumericalMethod/\n",
    "        cd NumericalMethod/\n",
    "        source ~/anaconda3/bin/activate ~/anaconda3\n",
    "    ```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# Getting Start\n",
    "```sh\n",
    "$ ipython3\n",
    "```\n",
    "\n",
    "```python\n",
    "# comment\n",
    "name = input(\"What's your name? \")\n",
    "print(\"Hello, \"+name)\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "name? วิชิต สมบัติ\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "name = input(\"name? \")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5922444"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 5,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "name = \"5922444\"\n",
    "int(name)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# ประเภทของข้อมูล\n",
    "\n",
    "* ข้อความ     - `str`\n",
    "```python\n",
    "'Conor McGregor'\n",
    "\"Cody Garbrandt\"\n",
    "\"\"\" หลายๆ บรรทัด \n",
    "บรรทัดต่อมา\n",
    "บรรทัดสุดท้าย \"\"\"\n",
    "```\n",
    "* ตัวเลข      - `int`, `float`, `complex`\n",
    "```python\n",
    "20\n",
    "int('12')\n",
    "30.0\n",
    "float('3.54')\n",
    "complex(10, 1)\n",
    "```\n",
    "* List       - `list`, `tuple`\n",
    "```python\n",
    "[1, 3, 4, 5, 7]\n",
    "(2, 1, 4)\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# ประเภทของข้อมูล\n",
    "\n",
    "* ประพจน์      - bool\n",
    "```python\n",
    "True\n",
    "False\n",
    "```\n",
    "* Dictionary  - `dict`\n",
    "```python\n",
    "{\n",
    "   'key1': value,\n",
    "   'name': 'Jack',\n",
    "   'age': 25\n",
    "}\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# ตัวแปร\n",
    "** identifier / name **\n",
    "> สายอักขระที่ประกอบด้วย a-z, A-Z, 0-9, _, แต่ตัวแรกต้องไม่เป็น 0-9 \n",
    "```python\n",
    "i = 20\n",
    "x = 3.0\n",
    "name = 'Conor A. McGregor'\n",
    "u = [ 2.0, 3.5, 4.0, 5.0 ]\n",
    "t = ( 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 )\n",
    "kv = { 1: 1.0, 2: 4.0, 3: 27.0, 4: 256.0 }\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "i = 20\n",
    "x = 3.0\n",
    "name = 'Conor A. McGregor'\n",
    "u = [ 2.0, 3.5, 4.0, 5.0 ]\n",
    "t = ( 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 )\n",
    "kv = { 1: 1.0, 2: 4.0, 3: 27.0, 4: 256.0 }"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "20"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 7,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "i.real"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# ตัวดำเนินการทางคณิตศาสตร์\n",
    "\n",
    "```python\n",
    "x =   5 + 9     # บวก\n",
    "y =   9 - 4     # ลบ\n",
    "z =   x * y     # คูณ\n",
    "z =   9 / 2     # หาร\n",
    "z =   x ** 2.5  # ยกกำลัง\n",
    "z = 100 % y     # mod (เศษที่ได้จากการหาร)\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "10//4"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "#  Augmented assignment operators\n",
    "\n",
    "```python\n",
    "x +=   5       #  x = x + 5\n",
    "y -=   9       #  y = y - 9\n",
    "z *=   x       #  z = z * x\n",
    "z /=   9       #  z = z / 9\n",
    "z **=  x       #  z = z ** x \n",
    "z %=   y       #  z = z % y\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "slideshow": {
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    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# เครื่องหมายเปรียบเทียบ\n",
    "| เครื่องหมาย |  ความหมาย        |\n",
    "|:---------:|-------------------|\n",
    "|    <      | น้อยกว่า           |\n",
    "|    >      | มากกว่า           |\n",
    "|    <=     | น้อยกว่าหรือเท่ากับ  |\n",
    "|    >=     | มากกว่าหรือเท่ากับ  |\n",
    "|    ==     | เท่ากับ            |\n",
    "|    !=     | ไม่เท่ากับ          |\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
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     "slide_type": "subslide"
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   },
   "source": [
    "# เครื่องหมายเปรียบเทียบ\n",
    "* Logical\n",
    "```python\n",
    "2 < x and x < 10     #  &&\n",
    "2 < x or  x > 10     #  ||\n",
    "2 < x < 10\n",
    "```\n",
    "\n",
    "* เพิ่มเติม\n",
    "```python\n",
    "a = [2,4,6,8]\n",
    "```\n",
    "\n",
    "```python\n",
    "2 in a\n",
    "1 not in a\n",
    "len(a) is 4\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "False"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a = [2,4,6,8]\n",
    "len(a) is 6"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# Control Structure\n",
    "## `if`\n",
    "```python\n",
    "if len(a) > 0:\n",
    "    a[0] = 9\n",
    "    a[1] *= a[0]\n",
    "```\n",
    "## `if-elif`\n",
    "```python\n",
    "if 1 in a:\n",
    "    a[0] = 9\n",
    "elif 2 in a:\n",
    "    a[1] = 2\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    a[2] = 3    \n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# `If-else`\n",
    "* regular `if-else`\n",
    "```python\n",
    "if 1 in a:\n",
    "    print('a contains 1.')\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"a doesn't contains 1\")\n",
    "```\n",
    "* one-liner\n",
    "```python\n",
    "print('a contains 1.' if 1 in a else \"a doesn't contains 1.\")\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# Note on block\n",
    "python บังคับให้จัด block ให้เป็นระเบียบ โดยใช้ tab\n",
    "\n",
    "* java\n",
    "```java\n",
    "if (objList.contains(obj)) {\n",
    "   objList.remove(obj);\n",
    "   obj.consume();\n",
    "}\n",
    "```\n",
    "* python\n",
    "```python\n",
    "if obj in objList: \n",
    "```\n",
    ">    objList.remove(obj)\n",
    ">    \n",
    ">    obj.consume()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# Control Structure\n",
    "## `while`\n",
    "```python\n",
    "while เงื่อนไข:\n",
    "    statements\n",
    "```\n",
    "* ตัวอย่าง\n",
    "```python\n",
    "x = 1\n",
    "y = 10\n",
    "while x != y:\n",
    "    x += 1\n",
    "    y -= 1\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# Control Structure\n",
    "## `for`\n",
    "```python\n",
    "a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\n",
    "for x in a:\n",
    "    print(x**2)\n",
    "\n",
    "for i in range(10):\n",
    "    print(i)\n",
    "    \n",
    "for i in range(1,10,2):\n",
    "    print(i)\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# Utility Functions\n",
    "```python\n",
    "abs(-10.0)                  # ค่าสัมบูรณ์\n",
    "max( [1,3,2,4,5] )          # ค่าสูงสุดใน list\n",
    "min( [2,3,9,7,10,12] )      # ค่าต่ำสุดใน list\n",
    "round(12345.12345, 3)       # ปรับให้เหลือ 3 ตำแหน่ง\n",
    "cmp(a, b)                   # a<b = -1, a==b = 0, a>b == 1\n",
    "eval('20.932')              # แปลงข้อความเป็นตัวเลข\n",
    "type(a)                     # ดูชนิดข้อมูลของตัวแปร a\n",
    "\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# IO Functions\n",
    "* เปิดไฟล์เพื่ออ่านข้อความในไฟล์\n",
    "```python\n",
    "with open('file.txt', 'r') as f:\n",
    "    lines = f.readlines()\n",
    "    print(lines)\n",
    "```\n",
    "* เปิดไฟล์เพื่อเขียนข้อความ\n",
    "```python\n",
    "with open('file.txt', 'w') as f:\n",
    "    f.write('text in line one\\n')\n",
    "    f.writelines(['text in line two\\n', 'line 3\\n', 'line 4\\n'])\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# Function\n",
    "\n",
    "* defining function\n",
    "```python\n",
    "def timestable(x):\n",
    "    for i in range(1,13):\n",
    "        print('{}x{}={}'.format(i,x,i*x))\n",
    "```\n",
    "\n",
    "* calling function\n",
    "```python\n",
    "timestable(9)\n",
    "```"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# Modules\n",
    "* regular import\n",
    "```python\n",
    "import math\n",
    "x = math.pi\n",
    "math.cos(x)\n",
    "```\n",
    "* function import\n",
    "```python\n",
    "from math import pi, cos\n",
    "cos(pi)\n",
    "```\n",
    "* rename import\n",
    "```python\n",
    "import math as m\n",
    "m.cos(m.pi)\n",
    "```"
   ]
  }
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