Observable.ts

import { PartialObserver } from './Observer';
import { Operator } from './Operator';
import { Subscriber } from './Subscriber';
import { Subscription, AnonymousSubscription, TeardownLogic } from './Subscription';
import { root } from './util/root';
import { toSubscriber } from './util/toSubscriber';
import { IfObservable } from './observable/IfObservable';
import { ErrorObservable } from './observable/ErrorObservable';
import { observable as Symbol_observable } from './symbol/observable';
import { OperatorFunction } from './interfaces';
import { pipeFromArray } from './util/pipe';

export interface Subscribable<T> {
  subscribe(observerOrNext?: PartialObserver<T> | ((value: T) => void),
            error?: (error: any) => void,
            complete?: () => void): AnonymousSubscription;
}

export type SubscribableOrPromise<T> = Subscribable<T> | PromiseLike<T>;
export type ObservableInput<T> = SubscribableOrPromise<T> | ArrayLike<T>;

/**
 * A representation of any set of values over any amount of time. This is the most basic building block
 * of RxJS.
 *
 * @class Observable<T>
 */
export class Observable<T> implements Subscribable<T> {

  public _isScalar: boolean = false;

  protected source: Observable<any>;
  protected operator: Operator<any, T>;

  /**
   * @constructor
   * @param {Function} subscribe the function that is called when the Observable is
   * initially subscribed to. This function is given a Subscriber, to which new values
   * can be `next`ed, or an `error` method can be called to raise an error, or
   * `complete` can be called to notify of a successful completion.
   */
  constructor(subscribe?: (this: Observable<T>, subscriber: Subscriber<T>) => TeardownLogic) {
    if (subscribe) {
      this._subscribe = subscribe;
    }
  }

  // HACK: Since TypeScript inherits static properties too, we have to
  // fight against TypeScript here so Subject can have a different static create signature
  /**
   * Creates a new cold Observable by calling the Observable constructor
   * @static true
   * @owner Observable
   * @method create
   * @param {Function} subscribe? the subscriber function to be passed to the Observable constructor
   * @return {Observable} a new cold observable
   */
  static create: Function = <T>(subscribe?: (subscriber: Subscriber<T>) => TeardownLogic) => {
    return new Observable<T>(subscribe);
  }

  /**
   * Creates a new Observable, with this Observable as the source, and the passed
   * operator defined as the new observable's operator.
   * @method lift
   * @param {Operator} operator the operator defining the operation to take on the observable
   * @return {Observable} a new observable with the Operator applied
   */
  lift<R>(operator: Operator<T, R>): Observable<R> {
    const observable = new Observable<R>();
    observable.source = this;
    observable.operator = operator;
    return observable;
  }

  subscribe(observer?: PartialObserver<T>): Subscription;
  subscribe(next?: (value: T) => void, error?: (error: any) => void, complete?: () => void): Subscription;
  /**
   * Invokes an execution of an Observable and registers Observer handlers for notifications it will emit.
   *
   * <span class="informal">Use it when you have all these Observables, but still nothing is happening.</span>
   *
   * `subscribe` is not a regular operator, but a method that calls Observable's internal `subscribe` function. It
   * might be for example a function that you passed to a {@link create} static factory, but most of the time it is
   * a library implementation, which defines what and when will be emitted by an Observable. This means that calling
   * `subscribe` is actually the moment when Observable starts its work, not when it is created, as it is often
   * thought.
   *
   * Apart from starting the execution of an Observable, this method allows you to listen for values
   * that an Observable emits, as well as for when it completes or errors. You can achieve this in two
   * following ways.
   *
   * The first way is creating an object that implements {@link Observer} interface. It should have methods
   * defined by that interface, but note that it should be just a regular JavaScript object, which you can create
   * yourself in any way you want (ES6 class, classic function constructor, object literal etc.). In particular do
   * not attempt to use any RxJS implementation details to create Observers - you don't need them. Remember also
   * that your object does not have to implement all methods. If you find yourself creating a method that doesn't
   * do anything, you can simply omit it. Note however, that if `error` method is not provided, all errors will
   * be left uncaught.
   *
   * The second way is to give up on Observer object altogether and simply provide callback functions in place of its methods.
   * This means you can provide three functions as arguments to `subscribe`, where first function is equivalent
   * of a `next` method, second of an `error` method and third of a `complete` method. Just as in case of Observer,
   * if you do not need to listen for something, you can omit a function, preferably by passing `undefined` or `null`,
   * since `subscribe` recognizes these functions by where they were placed in function call. When it comes
   * to `error` function, just as before, if not provided, errors emitted by an Observable will be thrown.
   *
   * Whatever style of calling `subscribe` you use, in both cases it returns a Subscription object.
   * This object allows you to call `unsubscribe` on it, which in turn will stop work that an Observable does and will clean
   * up all resources that an Observable used. Note that cancelling a subscription will not call `complete` callback
   * provided to `subscribe` function, which is reserved for a regular completion signal that comes from an Observable.
   *
   * Remember that callbacks provided to `subscribe` are not guaranteed to be called asynchronously.
   * It is an Observable itself that decides when these functions will be called. For example {@link of}
   * by default emits all its values synchronously. Always check documentation for how given Observable
   * will behave when subscribed and if its default behavior can be modified with a {@link Scheduler}.
   *
   * @example <caption>Subscribe with an Observer</caption>
   * const sumObserver = {
   *   sum: 0,
   *   next(value) {
   *     console.log('Adding: ' + value);
   *     this.sum = this.sum + value;
   *   },
   *   error() { // We actually could just remove this method,
   *   },        // since we do not really care about errors right now.
   *   complete() {
   *     console.log('Sum equals: ' + this.sum);
   *   }
   * };
   *
   * Rx.Observable.of(1, 2, 3) // Synchronously emits 1, 2, 3 and then completes.
   * .subscribe(sumObserver);
   *
   * // Logs:
   * // "Adding: 1"
   * // "Adding: 2"
   * // "Adding: 3"
   * // "Sum equals: 6"
   *
   *
   * @example <caption>Subscribe with functions</caption>
   * let sum = 0;
   *
   * Rx.Observable.of(1, 2, 3)
   * .subscribe(
   *   function(value) {
   *     console.log('Adding: ' + value);
   *     sum = sum + value;
   *   },
   *   undefined,
   *   function() {
   *     console.log('Sum equals: ' + sum);
   *   }
   * );
   *
   * // Logs:
   * // "Adding: 1"
   * // "Adding: 2"
   * // "Adding: 3"
   * // "Sum equals: 6"
   *
   *
   * @example <caption>Cancel a subscription</caption>
   * const subscription = Rx.Observable.interval(1000).subscribe(
   *   num => console.log(num),
   *   undefined,
   *   () => console.log('completed!') // Will not be called, even
   * );                                // when cancelling subscription
   *
   *
   * setTimeout(() => {
   *   subscription.unsubscribe();
   *   console.log('unsubscribed!');
   * }, 2500);
   *
   * // Logs:
   * // 0 after 1s
   * // 1 after 2s
   * // "unsubscribed!" after 2.5s
   *
   *
   * @param {Observer|Function} observerOrNext (optional) Either an observer with methods to be called,
   *  or the first of three possible handlers, which is the handler for each value emitted from the subscribed
   *  Observable.
   * @param {Function} error (optional) A handler for a terminal event resulting from an error. If no error handler is provided,
   *  the error will be thrown as unhandled.
   * @param {Function} complete (optional) A handler for a terminal event resulting from successful completion.
   * @return {ISubscription} a subscription reference to the registered handlers
   * @method subscribe
   */
  subscribe(observerOrNext?: PartialObserver<T> | ((value: T) => void),
            error?: (error: any) => void,
            complete?: () => void): Subscription {

    const { operator } = this;
    const sink = toSubscriber(observerOrNext, error, complete);

    if (operator) {
      operator.call(sink, this.source);
    } else {
      sink.add(this.source || !sink.syncErrorThrowable ? this._subscribe(sink) : this._trySubscribe(sink));
    }

    if (sink.syncErrorThrowable) {
      sink.syncErrorThrowable = false;
      if (sink.syncErrorThrown) {
        throw sink.syncErrorValue;
      }
    }

    return sink;
  }

  protected _trySubscribe(sink: Subscriber<T>): TeardownLogic {
    try {
      return this._subscribe(sink);
    } catch (err) {
      sink.syncErrorThrown = true;
      sink.syncErrorValue = err;
      sink.error(err);
    }
  }

  /**
   * @method forEach
   * @param {Function} next a handler for each value emitted by the observable
   * @param {PromiseConstructor} [PromiseCtor] a constructor function used to instantiate the Promise
   * @return {Promise} a promise that either resolves on observable completion or
   *  rejects with the handled error
   */
  forEach(next: (value: T) => void, PromiseCtor?: typeof Promise): Promise<void> {
    if (!PromiseCtor) {
      if (root.Rx && root.Rx.config && root.Rx.config.Promise) {
        PromiseCtor = root.Rx.config.Promise;
      } else if (root.Promise) {
        PromiseCtor = root.Promise;
      }
    }

    if (!PromiseCtor) {
      throw new Error('no Promise impl found');
    }

    return new PromiseCtor<void>((resolve, reject) => {
      // Must be declared in a separate statement to avoid a RefernceError when
      // accessing subscription below in the closure due to Temporal Dead Zone.
      let subscription: Subscription;
      subscription = this.subscribe((value) => {
        if (subscription) {
          // if there is a subscription, then we can surmise
          // the next handling is asynchronous. Any errors thrown
          // need to be rejected explicitly and unsubscribe must be
          // called manually
          try {
            next(value);
          } catch (err) {
            reject(err);
            subscription.unsubscribe();
          }
        } else {
          // if there is NO subscription, then we're getting a nexted
          // value synchronously during subscription. We can just call it.
          // If it errors, Observable's `subscribe` will ensure the
          // unsubscription logic is called, then synchronously rethrow the error.
          // After that, Promise will trap the error and send it
          // down the rejection path.
          next(value);
        }
      }, reject, resolve);
    });
  }

  protected _subscribe(subscriber: Subscriber<any>): TeardownLogic {
    return this.source.subscribe(subscriber);
  }

  // `if` and `throw` are special snow flakes, the compiler sees them as reserved words
  static if: typeof IfObservable.create;
  static throw: typeof ErrorObservable.create;

  /**
   * An interop point defined by the es7-observable spec https://github.com/zenparsing/es-observable
   * @method Symbol.observable
   * @return {Observable} this instance of the observable
   */
  [Symbol_observable]() {
    return this;
  }

  /* tslint:disable:max-line-length */
  pipe(): Observable<T>
  pipe<A>(op1: OperatorFunction<T, A>): Observable<A>
  pipe<A, B>(op1: OperatorFunction<T, A>, op2: OperatorFunction<A, B>): Observable<B>
  pipe<A, B, C>(op1: OperatorFunction<T, A>, op2: OperatorFunction<A, B>, op3: OperatorFunction<B, C>): Observable<C>
  pipe<A, B, C, D>(op1: OperatorFunction<T, A>, op2: OperatorFunction<A, B>, op3: OperatorFunction<B, C>, op4: OperatorFunction<C, D>): Observable<D>
  pipe<A, B, C, D, E>(op1: OperatorFunction<T, A>, op2: OperatorFunction<A, B>, op3: OperatorFunction<B, C>, op4: OperatorFunction<C, D>, op5: OperatorFunction<D, E>): Observable<E>
  pipe<A, B, C, D, E, F>(op1: OperatorFunction<T, A>, op2: OperatorFunction<A, B>, op3: OperatorFunction<B, C>, op4: OperatorFunction<C, D>, op5: OperatorFunction<D, E>, op6: OperatorFunction<E, F>): Observable<F>
  pipe<A, B, C, D, E, F, G>(op1: OperatorFunction<T, A>, op2: OperatorFunction<A, B>, op3: OperatorFunction<B, C>, op4: OperatorFunction<C, D>, op5: OperatorFunction<D, E>, op6: OperatorFunction<E, F>, op7: OperatorFunction<F, G>): Observable<G>
  pipe<A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H>(op1: OperatorFunction<T, A>, op2: OperatorFunction<A, B>, op3: OperatorFunction<B, C>, op4: OperatorFunction<C, D>, op5: OperatorFunction<D, E>, op6: OperatorFunction<E, F>, op7: OperatorFunction<F, G>, op8: OperatorFunction<G, H>): Observable<H>
  pipe<A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I>(op1: OperatorFunction<T, A>, op2: OperatorFunction<A, B>, op3: OperatorFunction<B, C>, op4: OperatorFunction<C, D>, op5: OperatorFunction<D, E>, op6: OperatorFunction<E, F>, op7: OperatorFunction<F, G>, op8: OperatorFunction<G, H>, op9: OperatorFunction<H, I>): Observable<I>
  /* tslint:enable:max-line-length */

  /**
   * Used to stitch together functional operators into a chain.
   * @method pipe
   * @return {Observable} the Observable result of all of the operators having
   * been called in the order they were passed in.
   *
   * @example
   *
   * import { map, filter, scan } from 'rxjs/operators';
   *
   * Rx.Observable.interval(1000)
   *   .pipe(
   *     filter(x => x % 2 === 0),
   *     map(x => x + x),
   *     scan((acc, x) => acc + x)
   *   )
   *   .subscribe(x => console.log(x))
   */
  pipe<R>(...operations: OperatorFunction<T, R>[]): Observable<R> {
    if (operations.length === 0) {
      return this as any;
    }

    return pipeFromArray(operations)(this);
  }

  /* tslint:disable:max-line-length */
  toPromise<T>(this: Observable<T>): Promise<T>;
  toPromise<T>(this: Observable<T>, PromiseCtor: typeof Promise): Promise<T>;
  toPromise<T>(this: Observable<T>, PromiseCtor: PromiseConstructorLike): Promise<T>;
  /* tslint:enable:max-line-length */

  toPromise(PromiseCtor?: PromiseConstructorLike) {
    if (!PromiseCtor) {
      if (root.Rx && root.Rx.config && root.Rx.config.Promise) {
        PromiseCtor = root.Rx.config.Promise;
      } else if (root.Promise) {
        PromiseCtor = root.Promise;
      }
    }

    if (!PromiseCtor) {
      throw new Error('no Promise impl found');
    }

    return new PromiseCtor((resolve, reject) => {
      let value: any;
      this.subscribe((x: T) => value = x, (err: any) => reject(err), () => resolve(value));
    }) as Promise<T>;
  }
}